The distribution of huge hydrocarbon (HC) deposits on Earth is mainly observed in the junction zones of large tectonic elements. Similar regions are the Persian Gulf basins, Alaska, Venezuela, South Caspian province, etc. From the point of view of the global tectonics theory, oil formation occurs in the subduction zone of the lithospheric plates as a result of sublimation and thermolysis of substances carried into the ocean together with oceanic sediments. For the first time, without any evaluation, this idea was expressed by H. Hedberg in 1970. Later, this possible mechanism of oil formation at the level of general quantitative calculations was continued by O. G. Sorokhtin, S. A. Ushakov, V. V. Fedinsky, A. A. Abidov, A. V. Bally, V. P. Gavrilov, L. I. Lobkovski, V. E. Khain and others.
The Persian Gulf and the South Caspian Sea are areas where huge hydrocarbon deposits are collected. Hydrocarbon deposits are located where foreland seas overlap the former Gondwana margins: Mesopotamian fore depression (MFD) in the Persian Gulf, Pirallahi-Kelkor in the South Caspian. In addition, it is found in the northern peripheries of the active seismic zones of the Persian Gulf and the South Caspian: The Zagros fold system in the Persian Gulf and the Absheron-Balkhan uplift zone in the South Caspian.
These strips are also the richest oil and gas regions. Is this a coincidence or is it related to the geological evolution of the region? What is the nature of these unique deposits? Where did the oil come from, when, where and how did it move to its current layers? The article is devoted to answering such questions based on the analysis of existing geological and geophysical material.