Oil-contaminated soils undergo various transformations, depending on the composition and duration of exposure to the pollutant, which leads to changes in the soil structure and even the component composition of the oil. This paper presents the results of a study of soil samples with a high content of oil fractions. From the results, it follows that oil-contaminated soils under the influence of the environment undergo significant structural changes, namely, agglomeration, with the formation of long hydrocarbon chains and indestructible complexes. This must be considered when developing methods for cleaning soils from oil pollution.